Adenovirus infection and outbreaks – What is important to know?

What are adenoviruses? The name comes from the Greek term ‘adeno’, meaning ‘ gland ’; so-named because the viruses were first detected in human glandular tissue. Adenoviruses belong to the Adenoviridae family. There are more than 100 serologically different adenovirus types, 49 of which can infect humans. These human pathogenic fractions are then referred to as human adenoviruses. Adenovirus infections occur throughout the year, but spread more widely during winter. They cause many different diseases, such as respiratory infections of the lower and upper respiratory tract, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, infections of the conjunctiva and cornea, and even infections of the kidneys. Experts describe adenoviruses as particularly robust , more so than many other viruses. The viruses are also highly contagious.

How are adenoviruses transmitted? The viruses are transmitted from person to person, e.g., through drop-let, contact and smear infections . The viruses are most commonly spread through coughing and sneezing, as well as through direct contact with unwashed hands or through contaminated surfaces. Infection can occur when infected individuals touch their inflamed eyes and then shake hands with other people. If they then touch their own eyes, the viruses can be passed on and cause eye infections.

What symptoms can the disease cause? The symptoms are similar to those of a flu or cold : cough, runny nose and fever are typical. These symptoms are often accompanied by a sore throat , but swollen lymph nodes or gastrointestinal problems are also possible. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia. The viral infection usually disappears on its own, but can last up to 6–8 weeks. Conjunctivitis (keratoconjunctivitis epidemica) is also typical. This contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea initially causes redness in one or both eyes, followed by swelling of the conjunctiva. Those affected have a foreign body sensation in the eye. The eye itches, waters, and is sensitive to light. Swelling of the eyelids and enlargement of the lymph nodes in front of the ear often develop. In some cases, the inflammation can spread to the cornea of the eye after about a week. After 2 to 4 weeks, the conjunctivitis usually subsides on its own, while mild clouding of the cornea may persist for some time. As a rule, contagious conjunctivitis and corneal inflammation heal completely and without consequences. Only rarely does vision suffer permanent damage .

How long does the incubation period last? The disease has an incubation period of 5–12 days. Contagiousness begins with the first signs of illness and usually lasts at least 2 weeks.

Are there any particularly vulnerable groups? The disease occurs in all age groups. However, young children, babies and elderly people are particularly at risk.

What should I bear in mind if I fall ill? If you have conjunctivitis, avoid contact between your eyes and hands, as otherwise the virus can be passed on via your hands. Wash your hands immediately after contact with your eyes. Anyone who is ill should stay at home and observe strict hygiene rules to prevent the virus from spreading further. Keep your towels and other hygiene items such as washcloths, creams, powder, etc. separate from others. Working or visits to communal facilities such as schools or nurseries should only be resumed once the inflammation has subsided. In individual cases, it may be necessary to submit a medical certificate before being readmitted to a communal facility. Do not visit public swimming pools or saunas for the duration of the illness. Important to note before visiting the doctor: inform the doctor‘s office about the infection.

How can I protect myself? Hygiene helps! Cough and sneeze into a tissue , wash your hands regularly with soap and water. Air rooms thoroughly and frequently when meeting indoors. Clean surfaces around sick people, ideally with disposable wipes. Wear disposable gloves. The use of disinfectants may be necessary if recommended by a doctor. If you are ill, change washcloths and towels frequently and wash them at a minimum temperature of 60 °C. After using towels and washcloths, avoid touching other items of laundry . Do not share items such as cameras or binoculars with other people. Use your own make-up utensils and cosmetic products. Likewise, only use your own eye drops.

EXERCISE:

1. There is no causal treatment for the virus. Only the symptoms can be reduced. A) True B) False

2. What symptoms can adenovirus infections cause? A) runny nose B) fever C) cough D) swollen lymph nodes E) gastrointestinal problems

3. All types of adenoviruses are dangerous to humans. A) True B) False

You’ll find the answer below.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. www.cdc.gov

2. www.chp.gov.hk

3. www.dict.cc

4. www.fr.de

5. www.rki.de

6. www.sciencedirect.com

7. www.webster-dictionary.org

CARMEN LOBITZ Carmen Lobitz ist freie Trainerin, Lehrerin und MTL. 1998 gründete sie lobitz seminare in Berlin, die Englischseminare für Health Professionals anbieten.

Kontakt: mail@lobitz-seminare.de

www.lobitz-seminare.de

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Lösung für Exercise:

1. A

2. A bis E

3. B

Adenovirus infection and outbreaks – What is important to know?

What are adenoviruses?

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Adenovirus infection and outbreaks – What is important to know?

What are adenoviruses?

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